Slumdog Millionaire A Short Summary Film Studies Essay

Slumdog Millionaire A Short Summary Film Studies Essay The character of an 18 year-old orphan named Jamal Malik from the Mumbais slums, who experienced the miserable days of his life. Whole nation discerning, he is just one question far from winning 20 million rupees on program, Indias Who likes to be a Millionaire? But when the brandish breaks for the night, policemen apprehend him on suspicion of betraying; how could a road child realize so much? Despairing to verify his innocence, Jamal notifies the scenes in the slum of his life where his brother and he grow up, of their excursions simultaneously on the street, of vicious runs into with localized gangs, and of Latika, the young girl he loved her and then he lost her. Each episode of his story reveals the input to the answer game shows questions. Eighteen year vintage Jamal Malik is having an astonishing responding mark on Who likes to be a Millionaire. He is just one right answer away from the large-scale pay. Is Jamal betraying? Is it solely luck that they have inquired him the questions to which he realizes the replies? Considering Jamals life expedition to this issue finally answers these inquiries. His life journey encompasses at an early age he became orphan; living with his brother, Salim, who was his protector, antagonist and guardian; and having an attachment since childhood with another orphaned progeny, a young female. His inspiration for being on the brandish furthermore may provide some answers to his success. Possibly it was all just intended to be. In Mumbai, Jamal Malik is tormented by the cops in consideration of cheating a game brandish. Jamal, who has no discovering and works in a call center assisting tea, is close to winning twenty million rupees in the display who likes to be a Millionaire? The policeman inspector exhibitions the videotape and after each investigation, Jamal notifies components of his childhood with his male sibling Salim, his trample for Latika and their assault to endure on the roads to support each correct answer, guided by his prevalent sense and past know-how, and verify his innocence. Mumbais policeman Sergeant Srinivas and his better interrogate and detain Jamal Malik. They suppose that he was betraying a popular Indian TV game display. They have clues that Jamal has had no prescribed learning and has been a job roinbber as a progeny, and are very resolute to inquiry him utilizing any method to get that how he can be able to enter in this game of money. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2009) Production of film: The genesis of Slumdog Millionaire started at conduit 4 when the Head of movie and Drama, Tessa Ross, got a phone call from Film4s publication scout, Kate Sinclair, who clarified that shed read a verification of an exceptional article. Whereas yet to be released, when Sinclair chucked the article, Ross directly optioned the publication. Ross proposed that, while the publication was difficult to change into a play, she thought Beaufoy had the ability and know-how to do it. He knows how to explain the life of man from birth to his success. It was perhaps incoherent and few tales were nearly discreet little tales that had no quotation to the foremost individual characteristics at all. Its very distinct to starting with ones own concept and evolving it. Simon came up with the new name of Slumdog Millionaire. Its a comedy but its furthermore, at times, a horrifying drama. There are instants of large agony. Its a story and like all the best tales, it has instants of authentic darkness and repugnance. There is a large combine of things that really make you antic and make you bawl and make you gasp. When the script was in good enough form to take it to Danny, the groups number one alternate was Danny Boyle. In the world of video development, where tasks can labor to move ahead, certainly opposite re-writes, new writers, comprehensive comments and delays as other videos move into yield, Slumdog Millionaires development arc was rapid. Mechanically the places and bustle affiliated with every area the yield traveled to intend that Danny and his camera section, including the award winners controller of taking photos Anthony Dod Mantle, had to address some camera alternatives and firing methods. The crew was primarily conceiving to fire certain scenes utilizing highly complicated SI-2K digital cameras, but Boyle was obstinate that he did not yearn to take large and rather cumbersome 35mm cameras into the slums. The lesser, more flexible digital cameras enabled them to blaze rapidly with much less disturbance to the localized groups. Finding places and being allocated get access to be a logistical challenge for the place support and scouts from the groups Indian additions was vital. A localize d yield business India Take One expressed its knowledge to the yield, endowing the team to very quickly journal out how they would shift quickly from one location to the next. But distance is not habitually the large-scale topic in India. With millions of vehicles, rickshaws and taxis vying for the streets, traffic jams are part of everyday life as intense and dozing. General, in Mumbai, the maintain systems for filming were very much complicated than the yield had initially likely. Though disordered to an amount, Colson issue out that amenities were accessible across all facets of the production procedure. Mumbai is a world center for film making. The amenities are first class. There are truly incredible crews, studio space etc. Box office reception: Fox Searchlight issued 351 publishes of the movie over India for its full issue there on 23 January 2009. At the Indian carton bureau, in its first week, it makes business for about Rs. 23,545,665. Although not as much successful as foremost Bollywood matters in India throughout its first week, this was the biggest weekend whole for any Fox video. In its second week, the films whole increased to Rs. 30,470,752 at the Indian box agency. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2009) Twosomes of analysts have proposed their attitudes about the films presentation at the Indian carton bureau. Komal Nahta, Trade analyst, stated that, There was an adversity with the title. It is not a well known phrase for majority Indians. In supplement, trade analyst Amod Mehr has claimed that with the exclusion of Anil Kapoor, the movie lacks recognizable stars and that the video. is not ideally matched for Indian sentiment. A videos proprietor commented that to find out slum juvenile men talking flawless English dont appear good but when speaks in Hindi language; the movie looks much realistic. The named Hindi type, did better at the box agency, and added exact replicates of that type were issued. Following the films achievement in the 81st Academy Awards, the movie is growing in India bigger by 470%. As of 15 March 2009, grossed of Rs. 158,613,802 of Slumdog Millionaire has at the Indian carton agency. Reviews: According to Times Entertainment One juvenile man, Jamal, has suspiciously or miraculously, extended the two worlds. An office boy, or chai wallah, from a Call center business, he has won a treasure on the Indian type of who likes to Be a Millionaire. The anchor is so skeptical of Jamals proficiency to answer the inquiries that he has try to punish the reality out of the lad. His interpretations, all anxiety to his miserable life as an orphan without home in the enterprise of his male sibling Salim, and not often sufficient, with the winsome, consistently abused Latika. The quest of Jamals finding his love Latika is similar to the idea of Indian movies from Raj-Kapoor movies. Factual to its sources, Slumdog, acclimatized from the innovative QA by Vikas Swarup, finishes with a purely delighted kiss and an all out promenade number, conceived by Bollywood deity A.R. Rahman. Despite of its components of cruelty, this is a floating tune to life, and a film to commemorate. (Singh, 2009) According to New York Times bathing comes regularly to Jamal, who profits from a dwelling as a chai-wallah assisting fragrant tea to call-center employees in Mumbai and who, after a sequence of alternating exhilarating and unnerving excursions, has set down in the moderately hot chair on the TV game brandish Who likes to Be a Millionaire. Yet while the item undoes with Jamal on the verge of catching the large-scale reward, here, narrative doesnt start and end. By all privileges the consistency of Jamals life should have been brutally changed by disaster by the time he makes apprehend for the TV prize. But because Slumdog Millionaire is self deliberately bordered as an up to designated day tales or because Mr. Boyle bends in the main heading of the sanguine, this verifies to be one of the most upbeat tales about living in torment imaginable. Salim, observer the murder of their mother by marauding fanatics equipped with anti-Muslim epithets and associations. In the end, what presents me reluctant hesitate about this bright, cheery, hard-to-resist video is that its enjoyment senses much like a filmmakers assessment than a dependable bawl from the heart about the human essence. (Dargis, 2008) People remarks about film: Every one-by-one has his own admiration and way of conceiving. Some adored it and some have critical comments. Some of them are granted: Without a doubt the best video I have ever glimpsed encompassing a pulsing, assuring soundtrack, appealing cinematography throughout, a captivating movie bragging gritty realism yet awe-inspiring romance. But as for being contradictory in the main heading of India, it teaches as far as the prostitution and the slums etc. is considered, it displays India as a vibrant, colorful, fast-moving, hope-filled location. Absolutely, not feeling good movie. Blaring, energetic, fast-moving and colorful, but how can so much brutality and unhappiness go away any individual feeling good? I regret going to glimpse a video which takes advantage of poor children. This Oscar being triumphant film Slumdog millionaire was very inspirational and uplifting movie with lots of wants in it. Regrettably, its not so looking at the pureness of the Oscar winning children genuine life. These children were the aim of the movie. They were the funnies and large actors with no popularities and with the smallest past know-how of portraying. (Dargis, 2008) (Time Out London, 2009) Impact made by movie: Most of the persons loved this video just because of the work of player and the way he get ease of his sad life but some persons criticize this video. Persons hold praising the films very sensible portrayal of slums life in India. But its not that thing. Slums life is a miserable. It takes self-assurance from you in the shape of the wealthy and the privileged. It robs your dignity, deadens your ambition, bounds your fantasy and psychologically cripples you when you step out-of-doors the solace zone of your own locality. Most people in the slums not ever complete a fairy-tale ending. Reviewer said that Sudips concept is indeed sensible. Although, I would furthermore like to note that not every individual answers the way how individuals should react. Individuals in the slums might be stolen off of self-assurance because they worry that their family constituent be enforced with hazard if they do something foolish. (WebbieStuff, 2009) Message got from movie: Despite of all the hype, Slumdog consigns a patronizing and ultimately sham affirmation on communal fairness. Danny Boyles Slumdog Millionaire, probably one of the most commemorated videos in latest times, notifies the rags-to-rajah article of a love-struck Indian juvenile man, with a small support from fate success over his wretched starting in Mumbai. Slumdog has enraged numerous Indians because it tarnishes their insight of their homeland as an expanding financial authority and a bonfire of democracy. Indias English newspapers, said mostly by its middle classes, have conveyed many bristling reconsiders of the film that articulate an acute sense of wounded nationwide dignity. Though comprehensible, the emotion is not justifiable. So at times pathetically artificial, many of the films heart trembling scenarios are motivated by a miserable, but well-documented truth. Corruption is certainly rampant amidst the policeman, and most will willingly use torment, so none is expected dim sufficient to aim an eloquent, English-talking man which is actually an expanding newspapers incident. Beggar-makers do round-up forsaken juvenile kids and mutilate them in alignment to make them more agreeable, while it is highly unlikely that any such progeny will ever possibility upon a $100 account, much less be adept of recognizing it by feel and scent alone. (Sengupta, 2009)

Communication in a Maternity Ward Essay

Interpersonal communication is the process of sending and receiving information between two or more people but it has to be visual for example, a conversation with between a midwife and a patient. Whereas written communication is where you send and receive information but it has to be non visual for example typing up a patients details or sending an email as reference. When using nonverbal communication you should: Use gestures to help to clarify messages to the patients as differences in body language can cause a misunderstanding * Make sure to use the correct grammar and be clear as all documents are official When using verbal communication you should: * Listen carefully and patiently * Speak slowly, clearly and avoid slang * Be respectful, assertive, empathetic, clear, attentive, honest and non-judgmental. These are key things that shall keep your patient at ease and help to create a bond with your patient. * Remember that body language is still part of the communication we are al ways communicating, whether we’re speaking or not. Only 7% of communication is verbal, 55% comes from facial expressions and 38% comes from the way the words were said. So make sure you’re relaxed and clam then the patient shall feel this way and feel like they are in safe hands. There are many different audiences in communication varying on: age, culture and social and educational differences. Some examples of these audiences can be a business woman or young teenager. The type of communication will differ between them as will the way you communicate the message. You can adapt the way you communicate to suit the situation your patient is going through such as helping a first time mum who is scared by reassuring them and explain things calmly and clearly or someone who’s had more than one child by listening to them clearly. You can change your voice, language and body language to suit the different situations and how each patient feels. From using verbal communication the nurse comes to know the patient as a unique individual, this means that the patient come to trust the nurse which would put them at ease. Many techniques can be used to keep your patient calm. Such as asking questions or telling a story to distract and explain the situation easily and clearly. By using these techniques you shall keep your patient at ease throughout labour. Written communication is vital within the nursing industry as anything that is documented such as patients record/chart is a legal document which could be relied on in court if anything went wrong. If something isn’t documented then legally it didn’t happen. Other things that a midwife would need to document are a patient’s assessment, plan of care, change in status, health care and how the nurse left the patient. A report should be clear and concise.

anne roes theory of needs and career choice Essay

THE LIFE OF ANNE ROE (1904-1991) Anne Roe (1904–1991) was born and raised in Denver, Colorado. Upon graduating from the University of Denver, she attended Columbia University, following the recommendation of Thomas Garth. At Columbia, Roe worked in the office of Edward Lee Thorndike, graduating with her Ph.D. in experimental psychology under the supervision of Robert S. Woodworm. The publication of The Psychology of Occupations would introduce Roes theory of personality development and career choice, her most enduring scientific contribution. Roe had no experience of careers or vocational guidance and counseling but was originally interested in personality theory and occupational classification (Roe, 1956, 1957). Much of her early†¦show more content†¦Over-protective Parents: parents who engage in this type of interaction are very warm, affectionate, caring and also tend to encourage dependence in the child and restricts curiosity and exploration. The child does not enjoy any privacy because the pare nts are over concerned with the child’s well-being. (b). Over-demanding Parents: this group of parents requests perfection from the child, asking for excellent performance and setting high standards of behavior. The parents’ love for the child is based on the child’s achievement and conformity. It is a conditional love. AVOIDANCE OF THE CHILD (a). Rejection Parents: parents in this category may be overly critical of the child or punish the child excessively. Every little mistake by the child attracts severe punishment from the parents. However, they only provides for the child’s physiological needs (food, shelter, clothes etc.) and safety needs. (b). Neglect of the child: parents who adopt this parenting style Ignores the child for many reasons, such as parents concern with their own problems, other children, or work. They are cold and show no love. The physical care they provide is minimal. ACCEPTANCE OF THE CHILD (a). Causal acceptance Parents: Parents have a low-key attitude, offering minimum amount of love. The child’s needs are attended to when they are not busy. (b). Loving acceptance Parents: Here parents show a warmer attitude toward the child, while not interfering with the

Looking at Arabs through the Eyes of Disney - 853 Words

Many Disney movies can be analyzed to show racism and stereotypes of different minorities. One good example of this would be Aladdin and the images that it conveys about Arabs. The story of Aladdin is a twisted tale of his love for the princess and the manipulation by an evil man who seeks a treasure that can only be retrieved by Aladdin. Throughout this story Disney is able to convey a negative stereotype about Arabs by displaying their religion, sexuality, and behavior in a negative manner. The first stereotype that is set by Disney is the location of where most Arabs live. In the first scene of the movie a man is riding a camel in a hot, sunny dessert. While this is going on the song Arabian Night is being played, in the song it even states ‘where its flat and immense and the heat is intense’. This would imply that all Arabs are coming from an area that is large, flat, and extremely warm, but technically an Arab can have roots that originate in over twenty countries that span over the Middle East and Northern Africa. Over these twenty countries the climates vary from the stereotyped desert to cooler mountainous regions (Al-Hazza, Lucking, 2005). Along with climate, the first scene introduces a short stocky sales man. The first major stereotype that he brings into this story is his appearance and his thick accent. The man is wearing a large turban, has a good amount of facial hair and is wearing what looks to be a dress. 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Disney has been around since 1923, which Walt Disney and his brother started making short films about Mickey Mouse. They began to grow rapidly and eventually became the powerhouse they are today. In this quote by Alexandre Bohas professor at University of ParisRead MoreGender Role Portrayal And The Disney Princesses Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages Children were running around inspecting the entire store while their parents watched over them in hopes they wouldnt break anything too expensive. In all this confusion, I had lost sight of my younger sister who was now busy looking at the collection of princess dolls, with a few other girls. As I made my way towards my sister, I couldnt help but notice that many of the dolls had been glamorized and put into extravagant dresses, emphasizing their princess status. 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This, along with the U.S. military efforts in the Persian Gulf War at the time of the movie’s release matched the media’s promotion of straying away from barbaric traditions as an excuse to intervene in the Middle East (Giroux). This film also misrepresents Arab culture as noted by Shaheen in â€Å"Aladdin Animated† the Arabic since names are mispronouncedRead MoreAdverse Influence of Disney Movies on the Younger Generation2049 Words   |  9 PagesDisney Movies Having a Bad Influence On the Younger Generation â€Å"Our heritage and ideals, our codes and standards - the things we live by and teach our children - are preserved or diminished by how freely we exchange ideas and feelings†. (Disney) This quote by Walt Disney himself just shows how he felt his values were in good thought. But the problem is his movies didn’t always portray these values. 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Disney movies, from Beauty and The Beast to Aladdin show slender, unrealistically curvaceous, and quite vulnerable young women, who are dependent on male figures for strength and survival, not their own sense of empowerment. Media stereotyping of women asRead MoreVictorias Secret4752 Words   |  20 Pagesdifferent themes running within the show. The show attracts hundreds of celebrities and entertainers (FragranceX, 2011). Victoria’s Secret opened up the first stores outside of the United States. They now have stores in Canada, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates. In 2012 Victoria’s Secret is planning to open their first location in the United Kingdom with a 16,500 square foot flagship store on Bond Street, London (FragranceX, 2011). The PINK branch of Victoria’s Secret was founded in 2004 and marketedRead MoreVictorias Secret4766 Words   |  20 Pagesdifferent themes running within the show. The show attracts hundreds of celebrities and entertainers (FragranceX, 2011). 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Antigone English paper pdf - 1196 Words

Pearce 1 Camille Pearce Ms. Kettle IB English Period D 12 October 2014 Antigone; A Martyr Who Dies for the Wrong Reasons Pearce 2 Antigone as a strong and determined tragic hero who presents herself as a powerful woman who will not be defined by a man. Antigone is steadfast in her decision to disobey the law and bury her brother and dose not hesitate to take fully responsibility for her actions even if it means death. Unfortunately, Antigone does not consider the effect her death will have on her family and friends. She is confident and prideful and will not allow anyone to â€Å"lessen† her death. Finally, Antigone feels she has a duty as a woman to stand up against Creon and to define herself by her actions not by her gender. Antigone†¦show more content†¦Antigone has feministic views and will not let herself be defined by a man. She wants to be defined and remembered by her heroic actions. She is unlike woman in her time because she is confident and sees herself equal to men. Her sister, Ismene, is a stereotypical woman of this time. She believes woman should subject themselves to the will of man and that woman are too weak to stand up to a man. Sadly, woman during this time are looked at and treated like minorities who have a fraction of the power men do. Antigone sacrifices her own life trying to stand up to this society of men in which she is trapped. Creon disapproves of her rare confidence, and sees woman as silly, weak and emotional beings who are inferior to men, but this only fuels Antigone to defy him more. Antigone’s sister, Ismene, refuses help her bury their brother because she is afraid of the consequences. She also does not believe woman can stand up to men or the state. Antigone is not afraid to stand up to the Creon or the state. She believes their brother has the right to an afterlife and Creon does not have the authority to take that away, only the gods do. She says, â€Å"Creon is not strong enough to stand in my way.† (Antigone 191) Her pride and her belief in the rights of woman empower her to stand up for her individual beliefs and oppose the decree of the state. Her love for Polyneices may seem like the reason for her defiance of the state, but in

Kamprad’s Resourcefulness Ikea Free Essays

1. Kamprad’s careful stewardship of resources exemplifies his abilities as a manager. By practicing frugalness and economy, he was able to maximize profits by keeping costs low while also being able to continually innovate his growing company. We will write a custom essay sample on Kamprad’s Resourcefulness: Ikea or any similar topic only for you Order Now While to some he may appear frugal, he has created a nest egg for economic downturn and well as creating a strong ethic of financial stewardship within his organization. Planning and problem solving became both the framework for IKEA and its source for innovation. As a leader, Kamprad again instilled his own personal values into every fiber of IKEA. Effective cost cutting, hard work, and dedication. Aside from just cutting costs however, being influenced by the Bauhaus movement he also wanted to combine cost saving with a sense of style. (Chaundey, 2000) In addition, the welfare of his employees has been a main concern. (Nelson and Quick, 2011) I believe that Kamprad was (and is) a strong leader and manager for IKEA, and I believe that these principles will be carried on in his sons to future success in the marketplace. 2. The followership of employees within IKEA can be directly linked to the Leadership Grid in Fig. 12. 1. (Nelson and Quick, 2011) From the structure of the grid, Kamprad would be a 9,9. Kamprad’s leadership style calls upon and motivates the team members within the company to take initiative and a personal stake in the company. They are hiring not just into a job but into a lifestyle and way of thinking. The combination of careful stewardship with concern for employee welfare creates an environment that gives employees both a responsibility and a sense of community. Etzioni, 1960) Thus IKEA employees are empowered and feel like they are part of something. In this way IKEA ends up with a staff of active independent, critical thinking individuals. (Nelson and Quick, 2011) This overall will drive employees to greater creativity and productivity for the company they care for and cares for them. 3. The case does not give specifics about Kamprad’s actions as a transactional lea der, although the narrative would lead one to believe that they style would be uncharacteristic of him. Although Kamprad’s traits as a transformational leader are unquestionable. Kamprad has given employees not just a goal but a way of living. (Davis, 2006) Kamprad himself dresses simply, eats at cheap restaurants and flies economy class. (Chaundey, 2000) Kamprad innovated and redefined ways of doing business repeatedly throughout his tenure as CEO of IKEA. From the mission statement of ‘create a better everyday life for the many people’, IKEA has been built upon a pioneering spirit. (Gowan, 2009) By designed a business plan that allowed IKEA to work directly between manufacturers and customers to keep costs low. ibid. ) By designing the flat boxes and shipping furniture to customers that they assembled themselves, Kamprad has been able to keep cost down. It is these business techniques along with his uncompromising ethics that he has instilled into the company and led it to greatness. Kamprad’s charisma is a quiet sort largely involving a ‘lead by example’ technique. Employees are drawn to Kamprad because of his strong ethics and personal adherence to them. Kamprad’s philosophy is not just words at board meetings but the way he lives his life. This gives employees a stronger sense of connection with the boss, as he is still very close to his modest roots. The lack of title and privilege within IKEA also reinforces this. (Davis, 2006) References Chaundy, Bob (2000) IKEA’s self-assembled billionaire. BBC News. July 28, 2000 Retrieved from news. bbc. co. uk Davis, Paul (2006) Billionaire Attributes – Modesty: Ingvar Kamprad, Ikea’s Founder and Owner. Retrieved from ezinearticles. com Etzioni, Amitai (1960) Two Approaches to Organizational Analysis: A Critique and a Suggestion. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 2 Gawor, Katarzyna; Halasova, Sona; Polzin, Friedemann (2009) International Business Strategy of IKEA – Activities of the Multinational Furniture Retailer. University of Economics Bratislava Nelson, D. Quick, J. (2011). Organizational Behavior: Science, the RealWorld, and You. (7th Ed. ) Mason, OH: South Western. Cengage Learning. Etzioni, Amitai (1960) Two Approaches to Organizational Analysis: A Critique and a Suggestion. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 2 Retrieved from www. amitaietzioni. org How to cite Kamprad’s Resourcefulness: Ikea, Papers

Law of Business Association

Question: Discuss about the Law of Business Association. Answer: Introduction: The directors of a company are selected according to the provisions of the Corporation Act 2001. They are in-charge of the management affairs of the company. Section 183 of the Corporation Act 2001, is one of the most important section of the said Act. According to section 183(1) of the Corporation Act 2001, any person who is said to be a director or already have been a director or any other officer of a company, should not bring into service any information in a wrong or inappropriate way, or make any profit neither for himself nor for any other person, in connection with the affairs of the company, or cause any misfeasance. This duty continues even if the person concerned is no longer a director or any other officer of the company. In subsection (2) sec.183, it is mentioned therein that if any person involved in any act contrary to subsection (1), contravenes this section. The word involved has been defined in sec.79 of the Act. It says that any person who has abetted the contraven tion, or intentionally given his concern or has done a conspiracy is said to have been involved in contravention. Preliminary issues The person/s must be a director, officer or an employee of a company in order to breach sec.183. For this, it is necessary to understand the definition of director as well as officer, which is given in section 9 of the Corporation Act 2001. A Director means any person who is occupying the position of the director, or a person is appointed to be an alternate director, who will act accordingly. In absence of any contrary opinion, a person who is not an appropriate director, can work beings in the position of a director or the present director/s can act or work according to the persons instructions. An officer is a person who is a director or secretary of a corporation, or a person who actively takes part in making active decision that effect the whole or larger part of the business of the corporation, or a liquidator, trustee or administrator of the corporation. Dr. Dawes, though after his formal resignation by declaring himself to be bankrupt from the GML continues working in the said company and draws fees as a Consultant Director with the permission as well as consent of the other board members. Therefore, he is considered to be a valid director of the company. Mr. Foster cannot be considered as a director as he has resigned from his position of being a director of GML after the board meeting where the proposal of buying shares of MMM was discussed by Mr. Boon, in order to join an executive board position as CFO with Queensland Equity Capital Group Ltd (QECG). Mr. Huckenfusser has been working in GML for five years as an Audio Visual Technician. His work or duty is to assist with board meetings to show any kind of presentation to the board. He is an active employee of the GML but not a director. Mrs. Duck, being sister-in-law of Mr. Huckenfusser is neither an employee of the company nor a director of the said company. Possible breaches of the Corporation Act There are certain ingredients of s 183 which needs to be proved in order to see whether there has been a breach of the said section. These ingredients have been referred in the decision in Commissioner for Corporate Affairs v Green [1978]. The ingredients are: the person concerned at the relevant time was an officer of the corporation, the person must be having proper information, the information he got was by virtue of his position, the person has made an improper use of the information in order to gain direct or indirect advantage, the gain made was either for himself or for any other person, and the improper use of the information leads to loss or damage to the corporation. Dr Dawes was holding a position of a Consultant Director after his resignation as the other board members does not want to lose his expert mineralogical knowledge. He after attending the board meeting on 2nd April 2016 where Mr.Boon has discussed about the shares of MMM, asked his wife to buy the shares of MMM in her name without giving any proper reason. And she purchased 20,000 shares @ $5.00 per share. On 6th June after the board meeting, he asked his wife to sell the shares @ 12.70 per share. He made a secret profit for his wife which also leads to an indirect gain for him. Mr. Foster has attended the meeting on 2nd April 2016 and on 30th April 2016 he gave a resignation from his position as a director of the said company to join QECG as CFO. The first recommendation he gave to his new employer is to buy shares of MMM. QECG immediately bought 40,000 shares @ $4.70. Here, Mr. Foster has used the information which he has got by virtue of his position in an improper way to gain profit or advantage directly. Mr. Huckenfusser who is working as an Audio Visual Technician is an employee of GML. He was also present during the meeting on 2nd April in order to do his duty of assisting the board meeting with Mr. Boon. He also has the knowledge about the shares of MMM. He in order to get relief from his own personal debts of $ 5000, has given the information of the shares of MMM to Mrs. Duck, who is the sister-in-law of Mr. Huckenfusser and said that she will forgive his debts for any useful information and was also persistently asking him about stock information. Mrs. Duck bought 5000 shares @ $5.20 on 15th may. Mr.Huckenfusser being an employee of the company shared information for his personal advantage. Mrs. Duck sold the shares on 6th June @ $12.05 making a profit. On 12th June in a meeting, Mr. Boon suggested that the time is not suitable to continue with the MMM purchase and the board resolved to end the matter and make no bid announcement to the exchange. By 30th June MMM were trading at $3.20. This leads to huge loss for the company which has been caused by the director or employees of the company itself. Therefore, these are the breaches of s 183 of the Corporation Act. Defence According to sec.1317S, the court if thinks fit may give relief to the person from the liability if the court thinks that the person has done the work with honesty with respect to the position and considering all the circumstances of the case including those which is connected with the persons appointment, the person ought to be fairly grant exemption. It is very hard to define or prove honesty by any test because the onus of honesty is based on perception of quality which differs in each case, Maelor Jones Investments (Noarlunga) Pty Ltd. V Heywood-Smith. Whether the contravention made by the officer leads to any personal benefit to the person from the transaction is a relevant consideration in determining the relief ought fairly given, Australian Securities and Investment Commission V Manito Pty Ltd. It is very necessary to understand and consider the way the breach has taken place. Commonwealth Bank of Australia V Friedrich. Dr Dawes though continues to work as a consultant director, he did not work honestly. But still will be excused from civil penalty provisions as he himself did not buy any shares of MMM rather his wife Ms Dawes did and he acted in accordance with the scope of his employment or position. Mr. Foster is no longer a director of GML and is now working with QECG. So Mr. Foster is also exempted from the civil penalty provisions. Mr. Huckenfusser being an employee of GML has not acted honestly. But he may get relief from civil penalty service as he has given general information about the shares to Mrs. Duck in order to get relief from his own personal debts. Remedies In section 1317S it has been clearly mentioned that it applies only to eligible proceedings and not on the commencement of the offence. The court may grant relief to the aggrieved person wholly or partially from the liability. If the person concerned anticipates that an eligible proceeding may or will begin against him, he may apply before the court for the grant of relief. Conclusion From the whole discussion, it becomes clear that there have been breaches of section 183 of the Corporation Act. All the three persons, viz., Dr Dawes, Mr. Foster and Mr. Huckenfusser are an active director, resigned from the position of a director and an employee respectively of the said company GML. These persons being an officer or employee of the company have acted in contrary to the subsection (1) of sec.183 which leads to breach of the said section. No breach of sec.183 has been done by Mrs. Duck, as she is neither an employee of the company nor an officer.